mrwish
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壹、用作及物動詞的wish和hope之比較
1.與不定式短語搭配時的異同比較。
作及物動詞時，wish和hope都與to do sth.搭配。但分析表明，wish to do sth.意為“現在”想做某事，它表達的是眼下的要求或意願(壹般容易實現)，其中“do”隱含的時間狀語是“now”或“then”。而hope to do sth.意為想在“將來”做成某事，它表達的是壹個想要實現的目標(不壹定能實現)，其中“do”隱含的時間狀語是“in some time to come”。請比較下列從語料庫中摘引的例子
A lady wished to see me urgently.
I wish now to give a more detailed description of the 1974 Remembrance Day march.
DRI hopes to Out-Dos Ms-Dos with DR Dos.
Their lawyer hops to take the case to the European Council.
有時，wish與 to do sth.搭配主要是表示禮貌和鄭重，如：
The authors wish to thank Ron Hochsprung at Apple for his patience and support.
2.與that引導的從句搭配時的異同比較。
作及物動詞時，wish和hope都與that-clause搭配，但存在三方面的差異：1)在組合模式上，wish和that-clause只以sb. + wish + that-clause的形式組合。而hope和that-clause可以sb. + hope + that-clause以及It + be + hoped + that-clause兩種形式組合。2)在語義上，wish + that-clause和hope + that-clause雖都表示願某種理想的情況(由that-clause表示出來)在“過去”、“現在”或“將來”出現。但wish意味著所希望的是與事實相反的情況，因此幾乎沒有出現的可能性，而hope意味著說話人認為所希望的情況有可能出現(也許並不會出現)，並對之懷有期盼。3)在用法上，wish後的that-clause中的謂語動詞只用兩種時態：過去完成時(表示該情況與過去的事實相反)和壹般過去時(表示該情況與現在或將來的事實相反)。如：
One only wishes that he had spent more time gaining a perspective outside America.
I wish your teeth were larger.
I do wish they would get on with it.
而hope後的that-clause中的謂語動詞可用多種時態。壹般說來，過去時態表示陳述的是“過去”的情況，進行時態表示陳述的是“現在”的情況，將來時態或壹般現在時態表示陳述的是“將來”的情況。請看舉例：
I hope you were inspired by the march, the drums, and God knows what.
I hope Apple is working on the next-generation Macintosh operating system.
It's hoped that it will shortly be supplying 40% of South Africa's motor fuel requirement.
Let's hope he gets better and comes home.
3.wish帶名詞做賓語的分析。
用作及物動詞的wish可以帶名詞做賓語，兩者的搭配方式為：wish sb. sth.或 wish sth. to /on sb.(表祝願)，wish sb. to do sth. 或 wish sth. done(表願望)。例如：
I wish them all the luck in the world.
I don't want to wish any bad luck on them.
Many wish Britain to have a major influence in world affairs again.
There is some sensitive material which the depositor does not wish divulged.
二、用作不及物動詞的wish和hope之比較
用作不及物動詞時，wish主要出現在if+sb.+wish、 as+sb.+wish、when+sb.+wish等組合中，表示“眼下”的願望或要求，這些組合既可作狀語，也可作插入語。而hope主要用在sb. +hope、it + be + hoped、what + sb. + hope + be等組合中，表示對壹個理想情況的期盼，這些組合只作插入語。例如：
Mr. Scowcroft means that the UN is now operating as the US wishes.
When you print the briefing charts, you can also, if you wish, print the note files.
The result, he hoped, would be happy.
This, it is hoped, might provide an economic incentive for conservation.
I put the key into what I hoped was the right lock.
此外，用作不及物動詞的wish和hope都與for sth.搭配，但wish for sth.表示想有某“物”的願望(眼下沒有得到的可能性)或要求(有可能性)，而hope for sth.表示對壹理想 “結果”的期盼(不壹定能實現)。請看以下舉例：
I wish for a system that respects the aspiration of the young.(願望)
Lady Littelton wishes for a room of separation between the eating room and the drawing room.(要求)
But chemists hope for a breakthrough in at least one area of research.
三、用作名詞的wish和hope之比較
1.語法搭配及搭配意義的比較。
用作名詞時，wish(es)與to do sth. / for sth. 搭配表示眼下想做某事 / 想有某物的具體“願望”，與 of sb.搭配表示某些人的籠統“意願”。請看舉例：
It has no wish to intervene in the internal affairs of another nation.
That's what had prompted Charles Babbage to groan out his famous wish for tables calculated by ‘steam’.
The NF upholds the wish of the majority of the British people.
而hope(s) 常與of doing sth. / of sth. / for sth. 搭配，表示對壹個理想結果的主觀“期盼”或有利於某結果出現的客觀“機會”；與that-clause搭配，表示對出現某情況的“期盼”或有利於某情況出現的“機會”；與for sb.搭配，表示對某人成功的“期盼”或有利於某人成功的“機會”，等等。請看舉例：
Those two defeats effectively ended any hopes Britain had of winning the group.
This revived hopes of a further interest rate cut.
If it is, there will be no hope for the youngsters in the village.
2.動詞搭配比較。
表示具體“願望”的wish(es)主要與有“表達”、“存在”、“實現” 等含義的動詞搭配，如express、 speak out、 state、 groan out、 make no secret of、have、come true等。表示籠統“意願”的wish(es)則主要與有“遵從”、“了解”、“違背”等含義的動詞搭配，如conform to、 make concession to、 be responsive to、 uphold、 correspond with、pay heed to、 be sensitive to、 take into account、ignore、 disregard、 override等。
表示主觀“期盼”的hope(s)主要與有“持有”、“放棄”、“引發”、“打消”、“實現”等含義的動詞搭配，如 have、cherish、sustain、cling to、give up、abandon、offer、 give、raise、arouse、renew、revive、dash、shatter、end，be fulfilled / substantiated等。而表示客觀“機會”的hope(s)主要與有“提供”、“ 看出”、“存在”等含義的動詞搭配，如offer、give、hold、hold out/deny、see、detect、have、there be等。
3.形容詞搭配比較。
wish(es)除在best wishes中與best搭配表祝願外，很少與其他形容詞搭配。而hope(s)可與大量的形容詞搭配，它們包括high(“強烈的”期盼)， consistent、cherished、widely held、lingering(“懷有的”期盼)，big、much、great、obvious、clear、high、boosted(“極好的”機會)，pious、vague、grim、scant、slender、faint、a ray of、a beam of、a glimmer of、a glow of(“壹線”期盼或機會)，forlorn、vain、doomed、broken(“無望的”期盼)等。
4.介詞搭配比較。wish(es)主要與表示“遵從”的according to及表示“違背”的against搭配成介詞短語做狀語或表語。例如：
She thinks it is not right to impose something like the poll tax against the wishes of a majority of the population.
The disposal of these ‘research’ embryos should, as far as possible, be according to the donor's wishes.
而hope(s)主要與表“持有”含義的介詞in以in (the) hope(s) of doing sth./sth.(懷著對某結果的期盼)、in (the) hope(s) that + clause(懷著對某情況的期盼)的形式組合起來做狀。例如：
Then there's the stream of day-trip Klondikers who descend on the Highland rivers in the hope of becoming rich overnight.
The young men are deserting to Douala and Yaounde in hope of work and betterment.
This has been interpreted as an offering to the goddess in the hope that she would increase the supply of flint.