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Gobang history
Backgammon, also known as "beads", and "even five sons," the Japanese call it "five stones", (five head and ぺ, speed beads), the English called it "Gobang '", "mo - r phion", " Renju "or" FIR (Five In A Row abbreviation) ", is a very well-known Chinese folk kind of an old chess. According to legend, it originated in the period of four thousand years ago, Emperor Yao, but also a long history of more than chess. Some legends, the first popular backgammon minority areas, gradually evolving into the future and the descendants of generations of chess throughout the open. Backgammon easy to learn and understand, so many people under the Go Go and many people will not be under the under the backgammon.
Cultural and historical information about early backgammon and chess are similar because of the ancient game of chess with backgammon and chess are the same. According to "by Shan Hai Jing" and reads: "Hugh Yu Yan mountain of stone, the name of God chess sets, like quail eggs colored and the text '.. Li Shan cited San Guowei Handan Chun" Art by "in the saying:" chess game, aspect of the seventeen, two hundred eighty-nine together, white and black pieces, the one hundred and fifty. "2O century and the early 50s, looking in Hebei Han tombs unearthed cultural relics are in the board there is one stone seventeen." Xintangshu Limi Biography "middle way" side if the chess game, a round if the pieces. "Dynasty, People will board on the lane that the "Ping" between lanes that the "squares of a chessboard," or "cell". "Game Theory" Mean: "Ran out of a chessboard on which they fail to materialize, the business side squares of a chessboard, but between ", referring to the chess also.
As for the reasons chess, chess Road, also recorded in history books, "eat three square meals a day and do no work, hard carry indeed! Player does not have peace, whom I still have almost Yin" ("The Analects of Confucius"). "Tim care about chess silent way, while the choice for the acute and jen to all, meaning you can observe, Li is able to change the energy and wisdom; letter is to grams, five gentlemen who know Sri Lanka. The end for chess can carry on words" ("Song"), fascinating chess, chess fascinating. Song "read Qu Qu Qing Song of Commerce Thirty" in the saying, "of around dusk, the people still coming off. Wen Huan prescribing Bureau, who has been re will of." According to legend, the Song Dynasty show a Jiaozhao division between man and man named Sima Guang under similar backgammon. Sima Guang not keep the appointment in a hurry, so Zhao Shi Xiu restless. As a result, Zhao Shi show left a poem "about": "Every family apricot season rain, the grass frog ponds everywhere, some do not come over at midnight, knocking pieces off the firepans free."
In ancient times, backgammon and chess chess compared with similar though, but the dismount is completely different. As the "Ci Hai" in the said, backgammon is a "chess game. Chess and Go the same. Two games, taking turns Now, the first of five children together into a monk for the win." As people have to backgammon as "with five sub- "" Pente ", perhaps from the history books," Sun and Moon, such as combination, the five-star, such as Pente "(" Han ").
Backgammon is easy to learn, but it is esoteric complicated. After generations in history thousands of years to maintain vitality backgammon, it is not only rooted in China, and has long been out of Asia, to the world.
Which month in which backgammon which at spread abroad, is still a mystery. However, according to Japanese historical documents that the Chinese ancient backgammon is spread from China to Korea (DPRK) and later spread to Japan. Until AD 1688-1704 Yuan Lu Japanese era, backgammon was introduced to Japan, which was mainly aristocratic family in the palace and the popular end of the Yuan Lu, from Kyoto, since this was known as the "five head hit," Five " The game began to flourish in private. Whether warrior, monk advocates, farmers, and so can participate in this activity. to 32 years of Meiji (AD 1899), after a public sign name, "Pente" the name was formally established down. From this, the Pente this activity through continuous improvement. The important rule reforms include: 1899 prohibited black and white sides to the "Double Three"; 1903 provides that only the black side against holding the first take the "Double Three "; 1912 stipulates that if forced to go into the Black" double three ", then immediately lost Black; 1916 prohibits long walk with Black; 1915 prohibits the black side to the" four, three three ", but go into the black side if" five, three, three-, compared with win at; 1931 prohibited black side to the "double four", and proposed to the board backgammon game of Go from 19X19 to 15X15 plate The backgammon board dedicated, ... .... Changes in these rules (mainly restrictions on the Executive Black side), so Lianzhu complicate this simple game, and eventually into today's professional Lianzhu chess, but also become an international chess competition.
Currently, the board Lianzhu movement has developed rapidly in the international arena. Foreigners are very optimistic about the obscure puzzles, and that backgammon is not only can improve thinking, intellectual development, hands and brain, self-cultivation, but also rich in philosophy, with Eastern and Western mystical intuition, is the meeting point of Chinese and Western cultures . People in many countries has a different pet name for backgammon, backgammon such as South Koreans call it "couple Chess", implying that under the backgammon lovers help to increase the exchange of emotions; Europeans called the "gentleman chess "Yu players worth following gentlemen Gobang decorum; mouth himself called" the old chess, "said five of the chess for the physiological characteristics of the elderly and ways of thinking; American people like to backgammon as" commercial chess ", that is, when businessmen do business talk business side edge chess, chess has become over the business of talk. Thus, despite the different country, different languages, but everyone can make use of this simple and exploration backgammon chess Austrian exchange, competition and friendship. Currently, more than 40 countries and regions in the next backgammon, and a variety of sizes and levels of competition. August 1989 in Kyoto, Japan, in August 1991 in the Russian Federation, Moscow, in August 1993 in Sweden, in August 1995 were held in Tallinn, Estonia, the first, second, third and fourth World Championship. In addition to the third winner is the Estonians, the other three champions are Japanese. Renju World Championship, held every two years, and its bid to host the competition is very fierce. Japan currently has his own backgammon grasping professional player, and for Pente (backgammon) Technology is also very general and comprehensive fisheries. On the level, the strongest in Japan, study the most. However, the level of European thinking depth is also growing. Meanwhile, the theoretical study and explore the backgammon also showed robust growth momentum, from 1858 the first monograph since the advent of backgammon, at present, there are 2,000 kinds of backgammon world of books and journals, respectively, in Japanese, Russian, English, published in Swedish and Chinese.
October 1992, Japan dispatched three on Lianzhu Union Shigetaro Kudan Japanese delegation headed by first visit to China, in Beijing, Shanghai, Hangzhou, and fans of backgammon games for the exchange. October 1995, the Japanese Renju Union once again sent to the three men and nine sections for the head of the Mori administration, early Chuanjia as deputy head of the United States and eight out of Japan Lianzhu delegation to Beijing, and China Chess, Dongcheng District, Beijing Spring elementary schools with the majority of backgammon Hobbies who carried out the exchange game. November 1995, the Swedish Renju Union peter Jonsson and Jan palmgren Liuduan three sections visited China, and Beijing backgammon fans were communication and friendly competition. With the development of backgammon, backgammon exchange of international competition will be more and more. This has prompted more and more Chinese people home backgammon backgammon-loving. Now, backgammon in China Beijing, Shanghai, Tianjin, Yunnan, Zhejiang, Guangdong, Sichuan, Hubei, Liaoning, Xinjiang, Hebei and other provinces (regions) city has great development. Beijing has hosted a backgammon tournament in the Beijing area, such as "Siman Cup", "Beijing empty cup," "Kiki child Cup", "Beijing Cup sixth national unity" and "Beijing Fourth National Games," backgammon game, was held in Shanghai, "above Cup" backgammon competition. Yunnan and other provinces have organized many backgammon game. All of these events are more and more attracted many people's attention, that the backgammon rooted in China has a broad mass base, is loved by the masses of sports activities. However, we should see the advanced backgammon skills with the world than oranges. Our chess is still very low. We believe that with the development of international Lianzhu backgammon enthusiasts and tireless efforts, increased levels of chess players is just around the corner, we expect China to be world champion backgammon player.