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芘是壹種什麽物質

芘(pyrene, 讀音bǐ, Unicode代碼8298)是壹種四環多環芳香烴類,分子式為C16H10,分子量202.26。

目錄 [隱藏]

1 物理性質

2 化學性質

3 制備

4 用途

[編輯] 物理性質

外觀為淡黃色棱狀晶體。熔點151.2℃,沸點404℃,密度1.271g/cm3(23℃)。不溶於水,溶於乙醇和乙醚。

[編輯] 化學性質

可以發生鹵化、硝化、磺化等取代反應,也可以發生氧化反應。

[編輯] 制備

由煤焦油得蒽油餾分中分離而得。

[編輯] 用途

用於制造合成樹脂、染料等。可形成具有熒光性的激發二聚體。

概述

名稱:芘;苾;嵌二萘;Pyrene

CAS No.: 129-00-0

國標編碼:-------

分子式:C16H10

分子量:202.26

結構:見圖

衍生物(相關物質):萘 菲 苯 苯並芘 茚並[1,2,3-cd]芘 芘醌

[編輯本段]基本性質

性狀:淡黃色單斜晶體(純品為無色),具有芳香性

溶解情況:不溶於水,易溶於乙醇、乙醚、二硫化碳、苯和甲苯、四氫呋喃等有機溶劑。

熔點:150℃(另有資料稱156,145-151℃)

沸點:393.5℃

相對密度:1.271(22/4℃)

閃點:210℃

穩定性:穩定

化學性質:可燃,可進行親電取代,如鹵化、硝化、磺化等反應,通常發生在3位。可被氧化成芘醌,控制氧化劑的量能使芘氧化產生不同的羰基數目。有很強的熒光,在丙酮中、量子產率可達0.99。芘的晶體加電壓可發光,最初用於電致發光研究。可聚合,得到導電的聚芘。

燃爆危險: 本品可燃。

危險特性: 遇明火、高熱可燃。受高熱分解放出有毒的氣體。

[編輯本段]制取或來源

芘主要存在於煤焦油瀝青的蒸餾物中。將中溫瀝青減壓蒸餾,同時向蒸餾釜通入少量直接過熱蒸汽,切取芘的窄餾分,然後用溶劑油和乙醇混合溶液,或苯和溶劑油的混合溶液重結晶,即得到純度95%的工業芘。

可比蒽油分出。

[編輯本段]用途

可直接氧化成芘醌。

有機合成原料,經氧化可制取1,4,5,8-萘四甲酸,用於染料、合成樹脂、分散性染料和工程塑料;酰化後可制還原染料艷橙GR及其他多種染料。還可制殺蟲劑、增塑劑等。

[編輯本段]對環境的影響

壹、健康危害

侵入途徑:吸入、食入、經皮吸收。

健康危害:未見急性中毒報道。長期接觸3~5mg/m3,可見頭痛、乏力、睡眠不佳、易興奮、食欲減退、白細胞增加,血沈增速等。低於0.1mg/m3,未見不良影響。

二、毒理學資料及環境行為

毒性:屬低毒類。

急性毒性:LD502750mg/kg(大鼠經口);800mg/kg(小鼠經口);LC50170mg/m3(大鼠吸入)

亞急性和慢性毒性:大鼠吸入3.6mg/m3×4月血色素、紅細胞減少,淋巴細胞減少,白細胞增加,肝糖原增加,鏡見蛋白尿;人慢性吸入車間濃度3~5mg/m3有頭痛、乏力、睡眠不良,易興奮,食欲減退,白細胞增加,血沈增快;人慢性吸入車間濃度0.1mg/m3無不良影響。

危險特性:遇明火、高熱可燃。受高熱分解放出有毒氣體。

燃燒(分解)產物:壹氧化碳、二氧化碳、成分未知的黑色煙霧。

3.現場應急監測方法

(暫缺資料)

4.實驗室監測方法

高效液相色譜法《城市和工業廢水中有機化合物分析》王克歐等譯

氣相色譜法《固體廢棄物試驗分析評價手冊》中國環境監測總站等譯

5.環境標準

前蘇聯車間空氣中有害物質的最高容許濃度0.03mg/m3 (皮)

6.應急處理處置方法

壹、泄漏應急處理

切斷火源。戴好防毒面具,穿化學防護服。收集運到空曠處焚燒。如大量泄漏,收集回收或無害處理後廢棄。

二、防護措施

呼吸系統防護:壹般不需特殊防護,但建議特殊情況下,佩帶防毒面具。

眼睛防護:可采用安全面罩。

防護服:穿工作服。

手防護:必要時戴防化學品手套。

其它:工作後,淋浴更衣。避免長期反復接觸。

三、急救措施

皮膚接觸:脫去汙染的衣著,用肥皂水及清水徹底沖洗。

眼睛接觸:立即翻開上下眼瞼,用流動清水沖洗15分鐘。就醫。

吸入:脫離現場至空氣新鮮處。

食入:誤服者給飲足量溫水,催吐,就醫。

滅火方法:泡沫、二氧化碳、幹粉、1211滅火劑、砂土。用水可引起沸濺。

Pyrene

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

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For other uses, see Pyrene (disambiguation).

Pyrene

IUPAC name [show]

pyrene

Other names benzo(d,e,f)phenanthrene

Identifiers

CAS number 129-00-0 Y

RTECS number UR2450000

SMILES [show]

C12=CC=C3C=CC=C4

C=CC(C2=C34)=CC=C1

Properties

Molecular formula C16H10

Molar mass 202.25 g/mol

Appearance colorless solid

(yellow impurities are often found at trace levels in many samples).

Density 1.271 g/ml

Melting point 145-148 °C (418-421 K)

Boiling point 404 °C (677 K)

Solubility in water 0.135 mg/l

Hazards

MSDS External MSDS

R-phrases 36/37/38-45-53

S-phrases 24/25-26-36

NFPA 704 120

Flash point non-flammable

Related compounds

Related PAHs benzopyrene

Supplementary data page

Structure and

properties n, εr, etc.

Thermodynamic

data Phase behaviour

Solid, liquid, gas

Spectral data UV, IR, NMR, MS

Y (what is this?) (verify)

Except where noted otherwise, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C, 100 kPa)

Infobox references

Pyrene is a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) consisting of four fused benzene rings, resulting in a flat aromatic system. This colourless solid is the smallest peri-fused polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon - one where the rings are fused through more than one face. Pyrene forms during incomplete combustion of organic compounds.

Contents [hide]

1 Occurrence and reactivity

2 Applications

3 Safety

4 References

5 External links

[edit] Occurrence and reactivity

Pyrene was first isolated from coal tar where it occurs up to 2% by weight. As a peri-fused PAH, pyrene is much more resonance stabilized than its five-member-ring containing isomer fluoranthene. Thus, it is produced in a wide range of combustion conditions. For example, automobiles produce about 1 μg/km.[1]

Oxidation with chromate affords perinaphthenone and then naphthalene-1,4,5,8-tetracarboxylic acid. It undergoes a series of hydrogenation reactions, and is susceptible to halogenation, Diels-Alder additions, and nitration, all with varying degrees of selectivity.[1]

[edit] Applications

Pyrene and its derivatives are used commercially to make dyes and dye precursors, for example pyranine and naphthalene-1,4,5,8-tetracarboxylic acid. Its derivatives are also valuable molecular probes via fluorescence spectroscopy, having a high quantum yield and lifetime (0.65 and 410 nanosecond, respectively, in ethanol at 293K). Its fluorescence emission spectrum is very sensitive to the solvent's polarity, so pyrene has been used as a probe to determine solvent environments. This is due to its excited state having a different, non-planar structure than the ground state. Certain emission bands are unaffected, but others vary in intensity due to the strength of interaction with a solvent.

[edit] Safety

Although it is not as problematic as benzopyrene, animal studies have shown pyrene is toxic to the kidneys and the liver.