間接引語時態轉換規則
間接引語時態轉換規則介紹如下：
直接引語改為間接引語時，主句中的謂語動詞如果是過去時，從句（即間接引語部分）的謂語動詞在時態方面要作相應的變化，變成過去時範疇的各種時態（實際也是賓語從句的時態要求），變化如下：
指示代詞、時間狀語、地點狀語和動詞的變化： 直接引語 間接引語 herethereagobeforethis that these those now then today that day this week(month,etc.) that week(month,etc.) yesterday the day before the day before yesterday
last week(year,etc.) two days before
the week (year,etc.)before tomorrow the next/following day the day after tomorrow two days later(in two days' time) next week(year,etc) the next/following week(year,etc) 客觀真理時態不變具體時間時態不變註意：情態動詞的時態轉換： can could may might must must\had to shall should 例如：
“I am very glad to visit your school”, she said.
——>She said she was very glad to visit our school.
“我能參觀妳的學校非常高興。“她說。
——>她說她很高興參觀我們的學校。
Tom said, “We are listening to the pop music.”
——>Tom said that they were listening to the pop music.
湯姆說，“我們正在聽流行音樂。”
——>湯姆說他們正在聽流行音樂。
Mother asked, “Have you finished your homework before you watch TV?”
——>Mother asked me whether I had finished my homework before I watched TV.
媽媽問，“妳在妳看電視之前完成妳的家庭作業嗎？“
——>母親問我是否在我看電視之前完成我的作業。
He asked the conductor, “Where shall I get off to change to a No. 3 bus?”
——>He asked the conductor where he would get off to change to a No. 3 bus.
他問售票員，“我應該在哪兒下車換乘3路公***汽車？“
——>他問售票員，他應該在哪兒下車換乘3路公***汽車。
“Why did she refuse to go there?” the teacher asked.
——>The teacher asked why she had refused to go there.
“她為什麽拒絕去那裏？“老師問。
——>老師問她為什麽拒絕去那裏。
Tom said, “We were having a football match this time yesterday.”
——>Tom said that they were having a football match that time the day before.
湯姆說，“我們昨天的這模頃個時候正在進行壹場足球比賽。”
——>湯姆說他們前壹天正在進行壹場足球比賽的。
He said，“I haven't heard from my parents these days.”
——>He said that he hadn't heard from his parents those days.
他說，“這些天我沒有收到我父母的來信。”
——>他說這些天他沒有收到我父母的來信。
She said, He always feels tired.
→She said (that) he always feels tired.
她說，“他總乎碼喊是感到累。”
她說他總是覺得累。
直接引語變成間接引語時，從句時態無須改變的情況：
1）當主句的謂語動詞是壹般現在時的時候，如：
He always says, “I am tired out.”
——>He always says that he is tired out.
2）當主句的謂語動詞是將來時的時候，如：
He will say, “I'll try my best to help you.”
——>He will say that he will try his best to help me.
3）當直接引語部分帶有具體的過去時間狀語時，如：
He said, “I went to college in 1994.”
——>He told us that he went to college in 1994.
4）當直接引語中有以when, while引導的從句，表示過去的時間時，如：
He said，“When I was a child, I usually played football after school.”
——>
He said that when he was a child, he usually played football after school.
5）當直接引語是客觀真理或自然現象時，如：
Our teacher said to us, “Light travels faster than sound.”
——>Our teacher told us that light travels faster than sound.
6）當引語是諺語、格言時，如：
He said，“Practice makes perfect.”
——>He said that practice makes perfect.
7）當直接引語中有情態動詞should, would, could, had better, would rather, might, must, ought to, used t-o, need時，如：
例如：
The doctor said, “You'd better drink plenty of water.”
——>The doctor said I'd better drink plenty of water.
He said, “She must be a teacher.”
——> He said that she must be a teacher.
He said, “She ought to have arrived her office by now.”
——>He said that she ought to have arrived her office by then.
The teacher said, “You needn't hand in your compositions today.”
——>The teacher said we needn't/didn't need to/didn't have to hand in our compositions.
She asked, “Must I take the medicine?”
——> She asked if she had to take the medicine.
〔註〕：此處用had to代替must更好
8）此外轉述中的變化要因實際情況而定，不能機械照搬，如果當地轉述，here不必改為there, 動詞come不必改為go，如果當天轉述yesterday, tomorrow, this afternoon等均不必改變。如：
Teacher: You may have the ball game this afternoon.
Student : What did the teacher say, Monitor?
Monitor: He said we might have the ball game this afternoon.
地點狀語及某些對比性的指示代詞和動詞變化：
1）指示代詞：these 變成those
2）地點狀語：here變成there
She said, “I won't come here any more.”
——> She said that she wouldn’t go there any more..
3）動詞：come變成go，bring變成take
5、直接引語變成間接引語，句子結構的變化
1）陳述句。用連詞that引導，that在口語中常省略。主句的謂語動詞可直接用引語中的said, 也可用told來代替，註意，可以說said that, said to sb. that, told sb. that，不可直接說told that, 如：
He said, “I have been to the Great Wall.”
——>He said to us that he had been to the Great Wall.
He said, “I'll give you an examination next Monday.”
——>He told us that he would give us an examination the next Monday.（不可說told that）
此外主句中的謂語還常有：
repeat, whisper, answer, reply, explain, announce, declare, think等，又如：
He said，“I'm late because of the heavy traffic.”——> He explained to us that he was late because of t-he heavy traffic.
如果間接引語是由that引導的兩個或兩個以上的並列從句，第壹個連詞可以省略，以後的連詞壹般不省略，以免混亂。
The doctor said, “You are not seriously ill, You will be better soon.”——>
The doctor said（that）I was not seriously ill and that I would be better soon.
2）直接引語為壹般疑問句，（也稱是否疑問句，）間接引語用連詞whether或if引導，原主句中謂語動詞sai-d要改為asked（me/him/us等），語序是陳述句的語序，這壹點非常重要。
He said, “Do you have any difficulty with pronunciation?”
——>He asked（me）whether/if I had any difficulty with my pronunciation.
He said, “You are interested in English, aren't you?”
——>He asked whether I was interested in English.
3） 直接引語為選擇疑問句，間接引語用whether…or…表達，而不用if…or…，也不用either…or…. 如：
He asked, “Do you speak English or French?”
——>He asked me whether I spoke English or French.
I asked, “Will you take bus or take train?”
——>I asked him whether he would take bus or take train.
4）直接引語為特殊疑問句，改成間接引語時，原來的疑問詞作為間接引語的連詞，主句的謂語動詞用ask（sb.）來表達，語序改為陳述句語序。如：
He asked，“What's your name?”
——> He asked（me）what my name was.
He asked us, “How many car factories have been built in your country?”
——>He asked us how many car factories had been built in our country.
5）直接引語為祈使句時，改為間接引語，用帶to的不定式表達，謂語動詞常是ask, advise, tell, warn, orde-r, request等。如ask sb. to do，（由肯定祈使句變成）ask sb. not to do（由否定祈使句轉變），並且在不定式短語中的時間狀語、地點狀語、人稱及時態都作相應的變化。如：
He said，“Be seated, please.”
——> He asked us to be seated.
“Do be careful with your handwriting.” He said.
——>He told me to be careful with my handwriting.
“Never come here again!” said the officer nearby.
——>The officer ordered the villagers never to go there again.
“Don't touch anything in the lab without permission,” the teacher said.
——>The teacher warned the students not to touch anything in the lab without permission.
6）有些含有“建議”、“勸告”的祈使句，可用suggest, insist, offer等動詞轉述，如：
He said, “Let's have a rest.”
——> He suggested our having a rest.
He said, “Let me help you.”
——> He offered to help me.
7）當直接引語形式上是疑問句，有表示請求，建議意義時，可用ask sb. to do sth. /suggest doing/advise s-b. to do sth. 等形式轉述。如：
“Would you mind opening the door?” he asked.
——>He asked me to open the door.
“Why not going out for a walk?” he asked us.
——>He advised us to go out for a walk. 或He suggested we go out for a walk.
8）直接引語是感嘆句時，變間接引語可用what或how引導，也可用that引導，如：
She said, “What a lovely day it is!”
——> She said what a lovely day it was. 或She said that it was a lov-ely day.
嵌套間接引語的從句：
如果間接引語當中還鑲嵌有另壹句從句，則被稱為嵌套間接引語的從句，英文叫：the subordinate clause i-n indirect statement。這時，這樣的從句要使用虛擬語氣。從句動詞的時態與主句動詞的時態相關聯。如：
Dux dicebat militem qui fugisset poenas daturum esse. 統帥曾常說，那個逃跑的士兵將要受到懲罰。