火車的發展史用英語寫壹篇作文
July 3, 1876, from Britain, the United States of collusion by British agents in China - Jardines - ostensibly carrying the construction of the Qing government to Shanghai from Wusong an "unusual road," the land without permission in China China built the first business of the railway line is completed, the opening of the Shanghai Wusong the. Subsequently, the Qing government of the two silver 285000, at 3 times the redemption payment and the removal of the railway.
1879, Westernization Group leader Li order to Tangshan Kaiping coal mine to Tianjin, Tangshan奏請to the construction of the railway Beitang. The Qing government to railway locomotive "smoke禾稼injury, vibration sleep hills," he decided to shorten the rail, only repair a section of the Tangshan Coal to Xu, Xu蘆臺Coal to inter-cut canal, connecting薊運河to achieve Beitang Haikou; sleep in order to avoid rolling hills shock decision by horse traction vehicles.
However, using horse traction vehicles can not play should be the effectiveness of the railway, in 1881 the opening of the railway Tang Xu, the Chinese workers, then an engineer with the British payment of the several design drawings, the boiler and the mine shaft lifting frame the trough of the old iron and other materials, the success of a trial-type 0-3-0 steam locomotive. This is the history of China's first locomotive manufacturing.
Another argument is that China's first train a Tang Xu then Chief Engineer of the British rail thin model with the wife of George Stevenson of the famous British-made steam "No. rocket" and caused by, and It is named "China's No. rocket." But the Chinese workers in locomotive engraved on both sides of the one-stop, so they call it "The Dragon" Train.
Because photos can clearly see the Rocket of China (Chinese rockets) and long word mark, so future generations have been identified this is the first Chinese-made motorcycles. However, left over from the picture we can see that this locomotive design specifications, manufacturing well, how can and from the waste material to create a "monster", etc. view?
In 2003, the British study of Chinese railway彼得克拉什Jindal found a "China No. rocket" group photo. By comparison, one can see this photo on the "China No. rocket" and the picture kept on "China's No. rockets" are obviously different: the chimney of a small locomotive and the rates high, a thick and short; locomotive both sides of the tank before a shoe-shaped block, a; driver's cab, a tag is the № 1, a circular marker is ... ... as a result of old age, lack of information, the first Chinese-made motorcycles mystery remains uncertain and can not be the truth.
China Railway Museum a collection of Taiwan and China's oldest locomotive, since it has a great body of the "0" character, it is then it is referred to as the "0" Train. Research experts concluded that after the opening of the railway Tang Xu, "in 1882, and from the United Kingdom to purchase two small 0-2-0 type (only two pairs of drive wheels) locomotive (called 0), and to participate in running." Were considered to be China The first imports of a motorcycle.
Since 1881, Tang Xu railway built in 1911 to the fall of the Qing government for 30 years, is the first stage of China's railway. This stage, the Qing government and internally as a result of Westernization Group recommends that people with lofty ideals and promote the continuous, not only changing the construction of the railway will "lose my dangers, harm I Tin House, hindered my feng shui" of understanding, but accept the lessons of the war a failure and further strengthening the understanding of Haiphong to the "opening of the railway may be the remedy for the military" finally determine the policy of railway construction, the establishment of the railway company, began planning to build a railway. 30 years, China's 18 provinces and cities in the construction of the railway of 9137.2 kilometers. Some of these government-run railway, some commercial, some government officials and businessmen co-organized, there is a part of Sino-foreign joint, or simply repair is a foreigner.
The wheel of history to enter the Republic of China, the railway construction has changed the situation. Interim government in Nanjing in the early days of its establishment with the Ministry of Communications, also has set up the Chinese Railway Association and China National Railway Company. In 1928 from the beginning of the ruling KMT government in Nanjing, in his long rule of more than 20 years, although the development of a large-scale development of the railway project and the Ministry of Railways had set up the national railway undertaking unified management, but does not build the railway. Lack of the national railway branch less dry conditions, poor people in the country decline, the case of years of war has not changed. In 1949, the Chinese locomotive may have the 4069 Statistics of Taiwan, respectively, from nine countries, more than 30 factories, as many as 198 kinds of motorcycle models, it is no wonder China is known as a "locomotive State Museum." According to the information available now, with imports from the United Kingdom in 1892 to create the Double, Bershire type (type than Shell) and other locomotive.
翻譯：
中國有鐵路始於清朝末期。然而清政府腐敗、保守、專制，唯祖宗之規是從，不肯接受新生事物。他們把修建鐵路、應用蒸汽機車視為“奇技淫巧”，認為修鐵路會“失我險阻，害我田廬，妨礙我風水”，因而頑固地拒絕修建鐵路。
1876年7月3日，由英、美合謀，由英國在華的代理人——怡和洋行——背著清政府詭稱修建從吳淞到上海的壹條“尋常馬路”，擅自在中國的土地上修建的中國第壹條營業性鐵路上海吳淞鐵路建成通車了。隨後，清政府出銀28.5萬兩，分3次交款贖回這條鐵路並予以拆除。
1879年，洋務派首領李鴻章為了將唐山開平煤礦的煤炭運往天津，奏請修建唐山至北塘的鐵路。清政府以鐵路機車“煙傷禾稼，震動寢陵”為由，決定將鐵路縮短，僅修唐山至胥各莊壹段，胥各莊至蘆臺間開鑿運河，連接薊運河，以達北塘海口；為避免機車震動寢陵，決定由騾馬牽引車輛。
然而用騾馬牽引車輛根本不能發揮出鐵路應有的效用，1881年唐胥鐵路通車時，中國工人憑借時任工程師的英國人金達的幾份設計圖紙，采用礦場起重鍋爐和豎井架的槽鐵等舊材料，試制成功了壹臺0-3-0型的蒸汽機車。這就是中國歷史上制造的第壹臺機車。
另有壹種說法是，中國第壹輛火車是當時任唐胥鐵路總工程師的英人薄內的夫人仿照喬治·斯蒂文森制造的英國著名的蒸汽機車“火箭號”而造成的，並把它命名為“中國火箭號”。可是中國工人卻在機車兩側各刻壹條龍，於是就把它叫做“龍號”機車。
由於照片上可以清楚地看到Rocket of China（中國火箭）的字樣和龍的標記，所以後人壹直認定這就是中國制造的第壹臺機車。但是從遺留下來的圖片中我們可以看到這臺機車設計規範、制造精良，怎麽能和由廢舊料制造的“怪物”等而觀之？
2003年，研究中國鐵路的英國人彼得·克拉什發現了壹張金達與“中國火箭號”合影的照片。通過比較，可以看出這張照片上的“中國火箭號”與中國保存的那張照片上“中國火箭號”有明顯地不同之處：機車的煙囪壹個細而高，壹個粗而矮；機車兩側水櫃前，壹個有鞋形塊，壹個沒有；司機室上，壹個是№1的標記，壹個是圓形標記……由於年代的久遠，資料的缺少，中國制造的第壹臺機車之謎依然撲朔迷離，壹時難以真相大白。
目前中國鐵道博物館收藏著壹臺中國現存最古老的機車，由於它機身上有壹個大大的“0”字，人們便把它稱為“0號”機車。專家考證後認為唐胥鐵路通車後，“1882年，又從英國購來兩臺小型的0—2—0式（只有兩對動輪）機車（稱0號），參加運行。”被認為是中國進口的第壹輛機車。
自1881年建成唐胥鐵路至 1911年清政府垮臺的30多年間，是中國鐵路的首創階段。這壹階段內，清政府由於洋務派和國內有誌之士的不斷建議和提倡，不但改變了修建鐵路會“失我險阻，害我田廬，妨礙我風水”的認識，而且接受戰爭失敗的教訓，又進而從加強海防上認識到“鐵路開通可為軍事上之補救”，終於確定興建鐵路的方針，建立鐵路公司，開始有籌劃地修建鐵路了。30多年時間裏，中國的18個省市修築了鐵路計9137.2公裏。這些鐵路有的是官辦，有的是商辦，有的是官商合辦，還有壹部分是中外合辦，或者幹脆就是外國人修的。
歷史的車輪駛進中華民國，鐵路建設的狀況有所改觀。南京臨時政府在其成立之初設有交通部，又先後成立中華全國鐵路協會和中國鐵路總公司。從1928年開始執政的南京國民黨政府，在其長達20余年的統治中，雖然制訂了大規模發展鐵路的計劃，並壹度設立鐵道部統管全國鐵路事業，但建成的鐵路並不多。全國鐵路缺幹少支的狀況，在國衰民窮、連年戰爭的情況下，壹直未得改變。到1949年，中國可統計的機車有4069臺，分別出自9個國家的30多家工廠，機車型號多達198種，難怪人稱中國是“萬國機車博物館”。據現在可以查到的資料，從英國進口的有1892年制造的Double，Bershire型（比謝爾式）機車等。